White oil
white oil, only mixtures containing higher than Co alkanes, cycloalkanes and, in smaller amounts, aromatic hydrocarbons will be discussed in detail. Alkanes that are gaseous at ambient temperature will not be considered in this book. Paraffins, liquid at ambient temperatures and containing higher than Co alkanes are produced from the kerosine and gas oil fractions obtained by the distillation of hydrocarbon crudes at atmospheric pressure.the terms white oil and solid white oil will always be used in the above sense. Whenever individual members of the homologous series of paraffin are in question, they will be termed alkanes to avoid confusion.white oil from petroleum consist of Co—Co, mainly normal hydrocarbons that are liquid at ambient temperature. The average molecular weight varies from 150 to 250.
white oil and paraffin waxes from petroleum
Crude oils and their products contain a large number of individual paraffin. The main physical characteristics of the most frequently occurring alkanes are listed in Table, indicating that n-pentane is already liquid and n-hexadecane solid at ambient temperature.
Table Physical characteristics of some alkanes occurring in petroleum
| Compound | Formula | Mol. wt. | Melting point, °C
(101kpa) |
Boiling point, °C (101kpa) | Density at 20 °C | Crit. temp. °C | Crit. Press.
MPa |
| Methane | CH4 | 16 | -182.5 | -161.5 | 0.424 | -82 | 4.6 |
| Ethane | C2H6 | 30 | -183.0 | -88.5 | 0.546 | 32 | 5.0 |
| Propane | C8H8 | 44 | -187.0 | -42.0 | 0.582 | 96 | 4.2 |
| Butane | C4H10 | 72 | |||||
| n-butane | -138.5 | -0.5 | 0.602 | 153 | 3.7 | ||
| iso-butane | -159.5 | -12.0 | 0.596 | 134 | 3.8 | ||
| Pentane | C5H12 | 72 | |||||
| n-pentane | -129.5 | 36.0 | 625.0 | 197 | 3.3 | ||
| 2-methylbutane
(iso-pentane) |
-159.5 | 28.0 | 620.0 | 188 | 3.4 | ||
| 2,2-dimethyipro-pane (neopentane) | -16.5 | 9.5 | 0.613 | 184 | 3.5 | ||
| Hexane | C6H14 | 86 | |||||
| n-hexane | -94.0 | 69.0 | 0.659 | 235 | 2.9 | ||
| 2-methylpentane | -153.5 | 60.0 | 0.656 | 228 | |||
| 3-methylpentane | -118.0 | 63.0 | 0.664 | 227 | 3.2 | ||
| 2,2-dimethyl-butane | -98.0 | 49.5 | 0.649 | 212 | |||
| 2,3-dimethyl-butane | -129.0 | 58.0 | 0.662 | 227 | 3.1 | ||
| Heptane | C7H16 | 100 | |||||
| n-heptane | -99.5 | 98.5 | 0.684 | 267 | 2.7 | ||
| iso-heptanes | -125 to -25 | 79-93 | 0.673-0.699 | 248-268 | 2.7-2.9 | ||
| octane | C8H18 | 114 | |||||
| n-octane | -57.0 | 125.5 | 0.703 | 296 | 2.5 | ||
| 2,2,3-trimethyl-pentane | 110.5 | 0.716 | 285 | ||||
| 2,2,4-trimethyl-pentane
(iso-octane) |
-107.5 | 99.5 | 0.692 | 268 | |||
| other iso-octanes | –11 to +104 | 106.5-119 | 0696-0.726 | 271-293 | |||
| Nonane | C9H20 | 128 | |||||
| n-nonane | -53.5 | 150.5 | 0.718 | 323 | 2.3 | ||
| iso-nonanes | 122.5-144 | 0.705-0.753 | 293-318 | ||||
| Decane | C10h22 | 142 | |||||
| n-decane | -29.5 | 173.5 | 0.730 | 347 | 2.1 | ||
| iso-decanes | 147-168 | 0.721-0.755 | |||||
| n-Hendecane | C11h24 | 156 | -25.5 | 196 | 0.740 | 369 | 2.0 |
| n-Dodecane | C12h26 | 170 | -9.5 | 216 | 0.749 | 391 | 1.9 |
| n-Tetradecane | C14h30 | 198 | 5.5 | 254 | 0.763 | 429 | 1.7 |
| n-Hexadtcane | C16h34 | 226 | 18 | 287 | 0.774 | 462 | 1.5 |
| n-Octadccane | C18h38 | 254 | 28 | 308 | 0.782 | 491 | 1.4 |
| n-Eicosane | C20h42 | 282 | 36 | 205 | 0.789 | 513 | 1.3 |
| n-Pentacosane | C25h52 | 352 | 53 | 259 | 0.801 | ||
| n-Triacontane | C30h62 | 422 | 66 | 304 | 0.810 | 593 | 1.0 |
| n-Pentatriacontane | C35h72 | 492 | 74 | 331 | 0.781 | ||
| n-Pentacontane | C50h102 | 702 | 92 | 421 | 0.794 | 708 | 0.7 |
